Ralf Schmälzle

Ralf Schmälzle

Associate Professor of Communication Science

Department
  • Communication
schmaelz@msu.edu
(517) 353-6629

Bio

Ralf Schmälzle ("SHMAL-ts-lee", also known as 拉尔夫·舍马尔兹勒, राल्फ श्मेल्ज़ले, シュマルツレ, شمالتسلي, Шмальцле, Σμαλτσλε, שמלצלה, ช์มาเลทซเล) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at Michigan State University.

Dr. Schmälzle is uniquely cross-trained in communication science, health psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. His research seeks to unravel the biological foundations of human communication by investigating how the brain — our most social but also most private organ — perceives, processes, and responds to persuasive messages in health, media, and interpersonal contexts.

At the core of his work is a passion for understanding how communication shapes the mind and behavior. Using cutting-edge tools such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG/ERP), and computational modeling, he studies how people engage with messages and how these messages can impact health, decision-making, and social behavior. He complements brain-based approaches with linguistic analyses, self-report data, and behavioral experiments.

As founder of the  Neuroscience of Messages Lab and Co-Director of the CARISMA-lab (Center for Avatar Research and Immersive Social Media Applications) he creates an interdisciplinary learning environment for students and scholars interested in bridging communication research with neuroscience, psychology, and emerging technologies. His recent work explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and immersive environments to study message reception and social interaction in more naturalistic and dynamic ways.

Driven by both scientific curiosity and a commitment to advancing communication for public good, Schmälzle’s work contributes to a new frontier where communication science, neuroscience, and AI intersect — helping us better understand not only how we communicate, but how it feels, works, and changes us from the inside out.

Roles

Associate Professor: Department of Communication 

Director: Neuroscience of Messages Lab (NOM) nom.cas.msu.edu 

Co-Director: Center for Avatar Research and Immersive Social Media Applications (CARISMA) carismalab.com

Health and Risk Communication Center (HRCC) hrcc.cas.msu.edu

Personal Website: ralfschmaelzle.net

 

Thematic Research Areas
Research Centers and Labs

Research and Teaching

Research Topics:
- Media Neuroscience: Motivational Response to Media
- Neuroimaging of Health and Risk Communication 
- Virtual Reality (AR/XR) and AI Intersection
- Neurocognitive Foundations of Mass Communication Campaigns  

Courses Taught:
- Introduction to Cognitive Science (CAS/LIN/PHL/PSY 463)
- Neurocognitive Communication (CAS 992)
- Media Neuroscience (CAS892)
- Special Topics Neurocognitive Communication (COM399)
- Special Topics Health Communication (COM302)
- Public Communication Campaigns - Design and Analysis (COM475)
- Mass Communication and Public Health (CAS825)
- Think Tank: Communication as a Dynamic Process (CAS892)
- Social Influence and Conflict (COM325)

 

Thematic Research Areas
Research Centers and Labs
Links

Associate Professor: Department of Communication

Neuroscience of Messages Lab (NOM) nomcomm.GitHub.io

Co-Director: Center for Avatar Research and Immersive Social Media Applications (CARISMA) carismalab.com

Health and Risk Communication Center (HRCC) hrcc.cas.msu.edu

Personal Website: ralfschmaelzle.net | rschmaelzle.github.io

Media Coverage & Recent Publications

Recent mentions

Washington Post: Why human brains are bad at assessing the risks of pandemics

National Geographic: Struggling to assess pandemic risks? You’re not alone

LATimes: Op-Ed: Why storytelling is an important tool for social change

New European Bauhaus (video): Fictional narrative & the meaning factory

StoryTank, European Film Lab (video): Audience brain responses to films

Newsweek: Scientists Connect Three People's Minds So They Can Communicate Using Brainwaves Alone

MSUToday: The link between brain activity and social networks  
 

Recent research articles
submitted/under revision/in press

2026
Schmälzle, R. & Lim, S. (in press). A neuroscientific window into the audience brain: Capturing how rhetoric creates resonance. The Forensic of Pi Kappa Delta.

Lim, S., Schmälzle, R., & Bente, G. (2026). Examining speakers’ subjective and bio-behavioral responses to audience-induced social-evaluative threat via immersive VR. Scientific Reports. 

Schmälzle, R., Cho, H. J., & Turner, M. (2026). The signal in the noise: Hierarchy and robustness of physiological audience alignment during narrative media. biorxiv.

Jeon, M., Lim, S., Lapinski, M., Spates, S., Bente, G., & Schmälzle, R. (2026). Visual attention and retention effects of a design element in culturally targeted messages: Introducing the Virtual Billboard Paradigm. Communication Quarterly, 1-31. 

Schmälzle, R., Lim, S., Du, Y., & Bente, G. (2026). The moment of capture: How the first seconds of a speaker’s nonverbal and verbal performance shapes audience judgments. arXiv. 

2025
Pena, J., Huskey, R., Gong, X., Andrews, M., Weisman, W., Kee, R., Klein, V., Sarieva S, K. R., Schmälzle, R., & Hancock, J. (2025). Media Neuroscience on a shoestring 2.0: Using AR and mobile EEG hyperscanning to study cooperation. Journal of Media Psychology. 

Schmälzle, R., Lim, S., Du, Y., & Bente, G. (2025). The art of audience engagement: LLM-based thin-slicing of scientific talks. arXiv. 

Huskey, R. & Schmälzle, R. (2025). Finding middle ground In cognitive media psychology. In. N. Bowman & N.D. Shackleford (Eds). Oxford Handbook of Media Psychology, 1.

Cho, H. J., Lim, S., Saenz, M., & Schmälzle, R. (2025). Memory inception through gaze-contingent message exposure: Using Virtual Reality to study media influence. Journal of Communication. 

Hussain, A., Schmälzle, R., Lim, S., & Bouali, N. (2025). Comparing AI and human-generated health messages in an Arabic cultural context. Global Health Action, 18(1), 2464360. 

Lim, S., Schmälzle, R., & Bente, G. (2025). Artificial social influence via human-embodied AI agent interaction in immersive virtual reality (VR): Effects of similarity-matching during health conversations. Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans, 5, 100172. 

Schmälzle, R. & Lim, S. (2025). From blank page to campaign plan: Using the CampAIgner AI tool to scaffold public communication campaign design. Communication Teacher. 

Lim, S., Schmälzle, R., & Bente, G. (2025). A VR-based paradigm for examining relationship-building behaviors in LLM-driven intelligent virtual agents (IVAs). Designing and Evaluating Behavioural Paradigms With Proactive Virtual Agents (DEBP-PVA) @ 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA). 

Lim, S., Schmälzle, R., & Bente, G. (2025). Artificial social influence: Rapport-building, LLM-based embodied conversational agents for health coaching. Connect @ 24h ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA).

Schmälzle, R., Lim, S., Du, Y., & Bente, G. (2025). The art of audience engagement: LLM-based thin-slicing of scientific talks. Frontiers in Communication, 10, 1610404. 

Schmälzle, R., Wu, J., Lim, S., & Bente, G. (2025). Inter-subject correlations of pupillary audience responses: Decoding visual attention and predicting memory in a VR media setting. Journal of Media Psychology. 

Bente, G., Schmälzle, R., Jahn, N. T., & Reimers, M. (2025). Reading the Social Clock. Analyzing Nonverbal Coordination Dynamics in Casual Chat and Conflict. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 

Schmälzle, R., Wilcox, S., & Huskey, R. (2025). Brain imaging as a window into the biological basis of social cognition and communication. In. T. Reimer and L. van Swol, Lyn and A. Florack (Eds.). Handbook of Communication and Social Cognition. 

Cho, H. J., Lim, S., Turner, M., Bente, G., & Schmälzle, R. (2025). Eyes on VR: Unpacking the causal chain between exposure, reception, and retention for emotional billboard messages. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1, 3619411. 

Schmälzle, R. (2025). Eye Tracking (Eye Tracking in Political Education Campaigns). PRIF (Peace Research Institute Frankfurt) Reports.

Cho, H. J., Lim, S., Saenz, M., & Schmälzle, R. (2025). Memory inception through gaze-contingent message exposure: Using Virtual Reality to study media influence. bioRxiv. 

Cho, H. J., Lim, S., Saenz, M., & Schmälzle, R. (2025). Memory inception through gaze-contingent message exposure: Using Virtual Reality to study media influence. Journal of Communication. 

Lim, S., Schmälzle, R., & Bente, G. (2025). Speaker responses to audience-induced social-evaluative threat: Evidence from scientific presentation tasks in immersive virtual reality. biorxiv. 

Contact Information

404 Wilson Rd, Room 569
Communication Arts and Sciences Building
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824